The Obama administration launched a fresh $120-million research project Friday, aimed at developing cheaper batteries for electric vehicles.
The Energy Department will dole out the money over five years to establish a research hub for batteries and energy storage, backed by five national laboratories, five Midwestern universities and four private firms.
The four companies joining the project are Dow Chemical Co, Applied Materials Inc, Johnson Controls Inc and Clean Energy Trust.
During the Obama administration's first term, jump-starting advanced battery manufacturing was a major national initiative, which saw the Energy Department plow $2 billion of grants into 29 battery makers to build or update plants.
But the industry was hobbled by overcapacity, limp demand for electric vehicles and high-profile bankruptcies, including the collapse of government-backed battery maker A123.
Still, the government defended its efforts, saying that despite some failures, most of its investments were successful and helped double renewable-energy output from wind and solar.
"Not every company succeeds," Energy Secretary Steven Chu said at a news conference Friday announcing the new project. "Never should the United States say because one company didn't succeed as much as others, we should get out of the game."
Led by the Argonne National Laboratory near Chicago, the new research hub will combine several independent research programs into a single coordinated effort "to push the limits on battery advances," the department said.
Besides working on batteries for electric vehicles, the project will also tackle energy storage for the electric grid, officials said.
The DUT12 is the second electric car of the DUT Racing team. The DUT 12 has four-wheel-drive system introduced this year. This makes it possible to use the brake energy from all wheels to recharge the battery which results in an even higher efficiency.
In the DUT12 the batteries are no longer placed behind the driver, but on both sides alongside the driver for better handling. Also a new method is used to produce the monocoque, namely prepregs. This method ensures that the resin is properly distributed between the fibres which will save weight with respect to last year.
General:
Weight: 148 [kg]
Length 2445 [mm]
Width: 1415 [mm]
Height: 1104 [mm]
Wheelbase: 1530 [mm]
Chassis:
Monocoque: Carbon Fibre Prepregs
Chopped rear bulkhead
Negative epoxy moulds, used for prepregs production process
Aluminium honeycomb crash nose
Powertrain:
Battery Pack capacity: 4.2 kWh
Battery Voltage: 600 Volts
Battery Pack configuration: 144S2P
Cell Type: Lithium Polymer
Power: 99 kW nominal, 133 kW peak
Transmission Front: 1:7 Planetary gear system
Transmission Rear: 1:13 two-stage spur gear system
Tesla's electric Model S combines unprecedented driving range and quick charging times. Thanks to the many different plug adapters, you have flexibility over how quickly the Model S can charge.
Standard Level 1 charging at home can take up to 12 hours, while a special 240v plug can return up to 30 miles per hour of charging, eliminating the need to install a costly Level 2 home charging unit. With advanced technology comes issues, however. Cars.com Reviewer Joe Wiesenfelder takes a look at some of the grievances that bothered him like the unique door handles, obnoxious seat-bottom weight sensors and charging port door.
The Tesla Model S is an all-new, all-electric family car available to the mainstream market. With a starting price just over $57,000, the Model S brings attractive styling, impressive driving dynamics and up to 300 miles of pure electric driving.
Cars.com reviewer Joe Wiesenfelder takes a look at the outrageously quick Model S and explains some of the high-tech quirks and why he thinks key improvements need to be made to make this a true American family car.
The U.S. government said bankrupt A123 Systems Inc cannot be sold without its consent because the battery maker received a $249 million grant from the Energy Department, according to court documents.
Johnson Controls Inc of Milwaukee and China's Wanxiang Group Corp are battling over who will buy A123, a maker of lithium ion batteries for electric cars. The prospect of a U.S. government-financed company being sold to a Chinese rival has drawn opposition from some politicians, who say technology underwritten by U.S. taxpayers should not fall into foreign hands.
The government objected on Tuesday to the terms of the company's proposed sale order, saying in a court filing that its approval was needed before the government's clean energy grant could be assigned to a buyer. A123 can still draw $120 million under various government grants, according to court records.
The government also said the terms of the sale must include its right to demand compensation for the sale of assets such as equipment or property that were financed with the clean energy grant.
In the filing by Stuart Delery, a principal deputy assistant attorney general, the government did not indicate whether it supports or opposes any specific buyer for the company. Other parties that have expressed an interest in A123 include NEC Corp of Japan and Siemens AG of Germany.
A spokesman for A123 declined to comment.
A123 filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in October with a plan to sell its battery business to Milwaukee-based Johnson Controls for $125 million. The planned sale is subject to better bids at an auction next month. Wanxiang, an auto parts supplier, has said it intends to make a bid.
The money from the auction will go toward paying off A123's creditors.
Also on Tuesday, a group of retired military leaders and industrial consultants urged the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States to block the possible sale to Wanxiang.
"This transaction would no doubt result in the loss of American jobs and the transfer of technologies critical to our nation's infrastructure and military hardware to China," said the letter from the Strategic Materials Advisory Council. Among those who signed the letter were Barry Costello, a retired vice admiral, and two retired major generals from the U.S. Air Force, Robert Latiff and Jeffrey Reimer.
Several Michigan lawmakers from both parties, including Democratic senators Debbie Stabenow and Carl Levin, also asked the committee to turn Wanxiang down, citing concerns about the company's opaque structure and possible ties to the Chinese government.
"In light of existing A123 contracts with the U.S. Department of Defense, we are concerned that the acquisition of A123 by Wanxiang might constitute a potential threat to U.S. national security," the letter said.
Two Republican U.S. senators, John Thune of South Dakota and Chuck Grassley of Iowa, warned earlier this month that Wanxiang could gain access to A123's military contracts if it were allowed to buy the company.
The world premiere of the BMW i3 Concept Coupe sees the BMW Group unveil a particularly nimble and emotive version of its concept for sustainable premium-class motoring with zero local emissions. The study presented at the 2012 Los Angeles Auto Show has been brought out in parallel to the ongoing development process for getting the first ever all-electric model from the BMW i brand ready for series production, and demonstrates the potential for conceivably extending the model range.
The state-of-the-art, clean-cut and open design showcased by the BMW i3 Concept Coupe represents a pioneering form of urban mobility that makes sustainability awareness an intrinsic part of the premium profile. Beyond this, the three-door model employs the design idiom that has been created especially for the BMW i cars to convey an undeniable sense of dynamism and driving pleasure.
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The carbon-fibre body's visual impact is largely shaped by the gracefully flowing coupe roof line and the fresh interpretation of the BMW i "stream flow" design that can be seen in the side window styling, and gives an instant impression of lightness, transparency and streamlined aerodynamic qualities. On the inside, the sense of spaciousness typical of the BMW i brand is combined with an exclusive lounge-style ambience in the two individual rear seats.
The BMW i3 Concept Coupe furthermore assumes the title of the world's first fully networked electric vehicle. Thanks to the inclusion of innovative BMW ConnectedDrive functions that have been devised by BMW i for use in production vehicles, operation of the navigation system as well as the information transfer between the vehicle, the outside world and the driver's smartphone has been geared towards the specific requirements of e-mobility.
The BMW i3 Concept Coupe sharply focuses the spotlight on the dynamic performance that can be achieved with the purely electric version of the BMW eDrive technology. Like the BMW i3 Concept, the Coupe is also propelled by an electric motor developed by the BMW Group, which develops a maximum output of 125 kW/170 hp and peak torque of 250 Newton metres (184 lb-ft), and channels its instantaneous power delivery to the rear wheels via a single-speed transmission.
The electric motor draws its energy from the lithium-ion storage cells under the floor. Positioning the battery units here has the effect of lowering the centre of gravity considerably, which further adds to the vehicle's sensationally agile handling.
The LifeDrive concept for the BMW i vehicle architecture is instrumental in enabling a brand new vehicle character to be married so harmoniously with BMW eDrive, a technology that is already nearing production standard. The horizontally split construction consisting of two self-contained elements intrinsically focuses on the technical requirements of the electric drive train, and helps to produce a design concept, sense of spaciousness and driving experience that are unique to BMW i cars.
The passenger cell forms the core of the Life module, which is built from carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP). BMW i is scaling new heights for automotive engineering by making such extensive use of this high-tech material. Because it is extremely light yet very strong too, CFRP opens up tremendous scope for design and therefore has all the right credentials for translating the inimitable and unmistakable BMW i design idiom into a wide array of variants. On the BMW i3 Concept Coupé, the drive system, chassis and energy storage unit, along with the structural and crash functions, are once again incorporated into the Drive module that is made chiefly of aluminium.
Measuring 3,964 millimetres in length, 1,768 wide and 1,555 high, the BMW i3 Concept Coupe can be noted for its highly individual proportions. When compared directly to the BMW i3 Concept, the new study has a broader, lower-slung look that serves to highlight its agile nature at first glance. The wheelbase, on the other hand, is unchanged from that of the standard BMW i3 at 2,570 millimetres.
Body design: LifeDrive architecture sporting new look and colour scheme.
Transferring the design idiom developed specifically for BMW i cars to a coupe concept has resulted in a body whose styling smacks of fun at the wheel while still plainly signalling sustainable mobility. The BMW i3 Concept Coupe's looks let the brand values of efficiency, lightness, safety and premium quality clearly shine through, along with the study's distinctly dynamic bias. The exterior surfaces and colour scheme are structured in such a way as to visualise the basic construction defined by the LifeDrive architecture.
The principle of overlapping levels known as "layering" serves to symbolise the harmonious interaction between the striking construction and design elements of the Life and Drive modules, as well as providing the basis for a transparency in the vehicle design that reinforces the concept's sustainability. For instance, the structure of the carbon-fibre material employed in the Life module can be clearly seen in the entrance area and the roof pillars when the door is opened. It is here, as the two-dimensional CFRP laminate typically used for load-bearing elements comes into view, that the material's composition becomes particularly apparent.
The bodywork panels around the wheel arches, doors and rear sidewalls are painted in Solar Orange metallic, a warm shade bursting with energy that was created especially for the BMW i3 Concept Coupe. It forms an electrifying contrast with the high-gloss black finish on the bonnet, roof and boot lid, as well as with the body's black lower edge.
The front apron includes black embedded elements designed to create an air curtain effect that carefully directs the airflow in the vicinity of the wheel arches. The rear apron's lower section incorporates a diffuser component to optimise flow conditions towards the rear of the vehicle's underside. The licence plate holder features a narrow border in Solar Orange, while the U-shaped rear light clusters are integrated into the rear window, just as they are on the BMW i3 Concept. Contrasting touches of Frozen Grey matt for the BMW kidney grille and the sill lines along the sides are specific to this model and add to its visual appearance. The brand emblems in Stream Blue at the front and rear and on the wheel hubs are characteristic BMW i features.
Innovative coupe lines spell pure driving pleasure.
A steeply raked windscreen that extends a long way forward and a roof line that descends gently into the vehicle's tail are the defining features of the BMW i3 Concept Coupe silhouette. The long doors with frameless windows also have a typical coupe feel to them. The specific way in which a CFRP passenger cell is constructed means there is no need for a B-pillar. Not only does this facilitate access to the rear seats, it gives extra impact to the dynamic flow of lines visible in the window styling.
The BMW i3 Concept Coupe includes a fresh interpretation of the brand's hallmark "stream flow" design for the side window contours between the doors and the C-pillars. As a result of the enclosed body concept around the doors and the rear sidewalls, the ratio between the body's basic structure and the window area is clearly marked by the shoulder line. The latest version of the window outline tapers sharply towards the rear, once again putting clear emphasis on the vehicle's excellent aerodynamic properties. The upper and lower edges are spaced particularly far apart on the BMW i3 Concept Coupe, producing an enlarged window area at the rear. This means that, in contrast to conventional coupes, passengers in the rear compartment are able to enjoy a remarkable sense of spaciousness and feel far more involved in the driving experience.
The highly distinctive and dynamic view of the BMW i3 Concept Coupe in profile is completed by the gently rising swage line on a level with the door openers, as well as a striking character line that produces an intriguing interplay between light and shade just above the side sills. The exterior mirrors also sport a design that's specific to this model, with black mirror bases and caps in Solar Orange metallic that pick up on the body's overall colour scheme. 20-inch light-alloy wheels in double-spoke design further intensify the car's sporting aura. As is customary for BMW i models, they are shod with comparatively narrow, reduced rolling-resistance tyres measuring 155/60 R20 at the front and 175/55 R20 at the rear.
All in all, the even more purist interpretation of the design idiom compared to the BMW i3 Concept, coupled with the more horizontal focus of the exterior's styling, highlights the car's enhanced aerodynamic properties. The BMW i3 Concept Coupe therefore epitomises the future of urban mobility, at the same time as instilling it with a distinct sense of sportiness and emotional appeal.
Interior: inviting, spacious, clear-cut and inspiring.
Individual styling and material selection ensure that the brand's trademark principles of sustainability, lightness and transparency are applied to genuine effect in the interior design of BMW i models, too. The interior of the BMW i3 Concept Coupe illustrates how the cockpit design has evolved as it is readied for series production, while at the same time creating an individual ambience that fits in with the concept of a sporty three-door car. The layering structure employed for the exterior once again underpins the arrangement of the function elements and controls, while a mixture of leather, wood, wool and other renewable raw materials ensures that the car's premium characteristics, including the new aspect of sustainability, can be both plainly seen and felt.
The freestanding steering column's two-part design with its light and graceful feel is further accentuated by the colour scheme. All supporting elements are finished in a light grey colour, whereas the steering wheel's outer grip areas and all controls are coloured black. Besides the display that acts as the instrument cluster and the control stalks for the direction indicators and windscreen wipers, the steering column is also home to the electronic gearshift lever and the Start-Stop button.
Above the steering column and behind the instrument cluster, there is a horizontally mounted wooden panel that spans the full width of the interior in a dynamic sweep. Sourced from certified sustainably managed European forests and treated using natural materials, the light eucalyptus wood adds a real touch of class, and is made all the more noticeable by the contrast with the black, three dimensionally shaped controls. The control panels on either side of the steering column are bordered by brushed aluminium accent strips. The sweeping design of the eucalyptus wood panel is echoed by the contour of the armrests in the doors, meaning that the driver and front passenger are encircled by a series of harmoniously styled surfaces.
At the cockpit's centre, the bottom of the dashboard terminates in a flat control panel that is angled slightly towards the driver and is used to operate the climate control and audio functions as well as housing the favourite buttons for the iDrive system. The iDrive Controller and direct menu control buttons are located on the centre console between the driver and front passenger on a level with the seat cushions. The BMW i3 Concept Coupe has also kept the area between the dashboard and seat cushions completely clear across the cockpit's entire width. Its particular drive concept, furthermore, dispenses with the need for the transmission tunnel normally found on conventional vehicles, resulting in a completely open space connecting the left and right footwells. Not only does this create an impression of roominess, it can be of practical benefit, too, as it allows the driver to easily swap to the front passenger seat and get out on that side – a real boon, for example, when using city-centre parking spots so tight that the driver's door cannot be opened.
Sustainability blended with sophistication: surfaces made from renewable resources and naturally treated materials.
The manually adjustable seats with integrated head restraints that were specially designed for the BMW i3 Concept Coupe are upholstered in a blend of warm-toned textured wool yarn and a cool-looking monofilament material. The elegant, sporty colour scheme's light grey tones also reflect the sustainable character of the natural materials. The door support panels made from anthracite-coloured kenaf fibre are perfectly in keeping with this, and also blend harmoniously with the doors' leather trim panels. The leather adorning the interior of the BMW i3 Concept Coupe is treated using natural products exclusively, with an extract from the leaves of the olive tree serving as the tanning agent.
There are two individual seats in the rear of the BMW i3 Concept Coupe where passengers are able to savour a whole new form of motoring comfort in a lounge-style ambience. The seat backrests both curve outwards prominently to form a seamless connection with the rear panelling. Whereas the seating position engenders a feeling of security, the windows – which are exceptionally large for the rear of a coupe – make passengers there feel more part of the driving experience. After tilting the front seat backrests forwards, getting in and out of the rear is facilitated by leather-trimmed grab handles that double as belt feeders for the driver and front passenger.
Display and control concept featuring the very latest display technology.
The BMW i3 Concept Coupe comes with two top-class displays, which provide the interfaces for the exchange of information between vehicle and driver and for operating the infotainment and communications functions. Information that can help to make driving a more comfortable, efficient and safe experience is flashed up in the displays. The navigation system, meanwhile, is networked with the outside world via BMW i ConnectedDrive.
Information is visualised in the form of three-dimensional, high-resolution graphics depicted in the reduced style typical of the BMW i brand. The task of the instrument cluster is assumed by a 6.5 inch (16.5 centimetre) screen positioned on the steering column, where all driving-related information appears in digital form. The second display in the centre of the dashboard is positioned at exactly the same height for perfect legibility. With a screen diagonal of 8.8 inches (22.4 centimetres), it enables detailed graphics to be reproduced, just like the central information display in BMW production cars. This screen is used, for instance, to display the functions of the navigation system including the BMW i ConnectedDrive services. The information provided by the functions familiar from BMW ConnectedDrive is likewise shown here. This central information display also serves to keep the driver and front passenger fully informed of the vehicle's status and the drive system's operating mode.
The two displays have been designed to interact in such a way that the information shown is distributed between the two screens as the situation dictates. In the case of the BMW i3 Concept Coupe, their interaction is best illustrated by a typical urban mobility scenario. When the car is started, the instrument cluster springs to life first. It signals that the vehicle is ready to start with a welcome sequence whose animation spreads to the central information display. In the meantime, the system has already connected to the drive's smartphone and is showing current calendar entries. Shortly afterwards the driver receives a text message with the agreed venue for his meeting. The address data are automatically used to generate a navigation destination, which then appears on the central information display. The driver learns that his destination is within the vehicle's range and he is advised to recharge the car there. Shortly before arrival at the destination, various charging stations in the vicinity are displayed and the driver is offered the option of booking one of them. He confirms and books the nearest one. During the journey the driver can also find out about the restaurant he is heading for as well as listening to personal playlists. On arrival, the driver hooks the vehicle up to the charging station. The illustration of the different functions is rounded off by an animated charging graphic that appears on both displays when recharging the battery.
COMFORT, ECO PRO and ECO PRO+: three driving modes for the ideal mix of driving pleasure and efficiency.
The range covered by vehicles with an all-electric drive is very much dependent on driving style, just as fuel consumption is in conventionally powered cars. The BMW i3 Concept Coupe helps the driver to optimise efficiency by choosing an appropriate vehicle set-up. The Driving Experience Control switch on the centre console can be used to select the three driving modes, COMFORT, ECO PRO and ECO PRO+. The sportiness and comfort of the BMW i3 Concept Coupe can be best experienced in the standard COMFORT setting. ECO PRO mode places the focus more on economical energy management for an increased range and even cleaner performance. The accelerator mapping is modified, for example, so that the same pedal travel delivers less power. At the same time, the heating and air conditioning are switched into a more energy-efficient operating mode. Changing from COMFORT to ECO PRO mode can extend the vehicle's range by as much as 20 per cent.
Efficiency can be boosted yet further in ECO PRO+ mode, which is designed to do everything possible to maximise driving range. So, not only is the accelerator mapping modified, maximum speed is also limited to 90 km/h (56 mph). Comfort functions such as the heating and air conditioning are furthermore run at the minimum level required to prevent the windows from misting up, for instance. Electrical consumers like the seat heating, mirror heating and non-essential components of the daytime running lights are even switched off completely. As a result of all this, more miles can be added to the vehicle's range.
Total networking thanks to BMW i ConnectedDrive with specific functions.
The BMW eDrive system fitted in the BMW i3 Concept Coupe is designed to allow the vehicle to cover a distance of around 160 kilometres (100 miles) on a full battery charge before it has to be plugged into a charging station again. This range comfortably allows it to be used for more than just urban mobility.
Thanks to the BMW i ConnectedDrive services that were purpose-developed for electric mobility applications powered by BMW eDrive technology, the driver receives realistic estimates of his vehicle's current range, which can be viewed even before setting off. The BMW i3 Concept Coupe therefore assumes the title of the world's first fully networked electric vehicle.
Precise, reliable, realistic: driving range display in the navigation system with BMW i ConnectedDrive services.
The BMW i3 Concept Coupe is equipped with a navigation system featuring BMW i ConnectedDrive services. Both the navigation system and the BMW i ConnectedDrive services have been carefully tailored to the specific demands of electric mobility. Apart from the route guidance function, the system also offers drivers assistance with their mobility requirements that extends beyond just the journey planning. One of the key elements of the networked navigation unit is a dynamic range display, which delivers precise, reliable readings by factoring in all relevant variables.
The battery's charge status, driving style, activity of electric comfort functions and the selected driving mode are all taken into account for the calculation, along with the route's topography and current traffic levels. The system is therefore able to make allowance for the extra energy used up for both an upcoming climb and stop/start traffic or traffic jams, and lowers its range calculation accordingly. Up-to-the-minute and detailed real-time traffic data is also added to the equation. The information is analysed and evaluated centrally by the BMW ConnectedDrive server that stays in permanent communication with the vehicle thanks to its built-in SIM card. The SIM card's fixed installation ensures an optimum connection at all times throughout the vehicle's life.
The dynamic range display is visualised on the vehicle's central information display not only as a figure but also as a peripheral contour within the navigation map. Taking the vehicle's current location as a starting point, all points that can be reached with the available energy reserves are joined up to form a peripheral contour. Since the driver is able to actively influence the vehicle's energy consumption and therefore its range by switching the driving mode, the graphical representation of the range calculation is always made available in two variants, allowing the driver to view the relevant current range regardless of whether the COMFORT, ECO PRO or ECO PRO+ mode is selected.
When route guidance is activated, the driver is given a precise and true-to-reality indication of whether the destination is within range and how much energy he has to spare. The most efficient route is also shown as an alternative to the fastest. If necessary, the Range Assistant will even recommend changing to ECO PRO or ECO PRO+ mode in order to increase the range. This function clearly demonstrates the interaction between the tailored route guidance for electric vehicles from BMW i ConnectedDrive and the special energy management from Efficient Dynamics.
If desired, the driver is able to call up a charging station near to his destination and reserve it with another push of a button. The system additionally notifies him of the charging time required before commencing the return journey or the onward journey to the next destination. The wealth of functions offered by the navigation system with BMW i ConnectedDrive services makes it possible to plan out journeys using electric power alone with supreme precision, reliability and convenience.
Intelligent networking simplifies mobility planning: a smartphone app with eRemote function developed by BMW ConnectedDrive for BMW i.
The mobility planning information provided is made available on the customer's smartphone as well as in the vehicle courtesy of a smartphone app for the iOS and Android operating systems which was specially developed for BMW i. The app is a further development of the eRemote functions from BMW ConnectedDrive and offers the driver constant access to the vehicle data and relevant route planning information. Thanks to this intelligent networking, customers are able to check the vehicle's status or plan out upcoming journeys in the BMW i3 Concept Coupe from the comfort of their office or even over breakfast.
If the vehicle is plugged into a public charging station or the BMW i wallbox, the charging procedure can be controlled both remotely and via a timer function. The range display shown in the BMW i navigation system can also be viewed on the smartphone in exactly the same format as in the vehicle. The BMW i app can additionally be used to search for and select either a navigation destination or a free charging station and then import it to the vehicle's system. Available charging stations are indicated in both the navigation unit and the BMW i app, which also show whether the stations are currently free.
When the customer leaves the vehicle at the journey's end, he can furthermore use the pedestrian navigation function built into the BMW i app to guide him to his final destination. For this, the navigation destination selected by the driver in the vehicle is automatically transferred to the BMW i app via the BMW ConnectedDrive server.
The route planning function that was specially developed for BMW i and the specific requirements of urban centres also includes local public transport networks, allowing the available transport connections to be taken into account if required. This gives the driver the option of selecting an intermodal route in his BMW i car, whereupon he is first directed to a public car park by the navigation system. After leaving his vehicle, he now uses the BMW i app to guide him first to the correct bus or tram stop and then on to his destination while completing the final leg of the journey on foot.
In addition to this, BMW i also offers pioneering mobility services that can be incorporated into the customer's mobility planning. These include the premium car-sharing service DriveNow, which has been available in Germany since 2011 and, since September 2012, in San Francisco as well. It was here that the ParkNow facility was also introduced as a world first, enabling parking spaces to be booked via a smartphone app. ParkNow and other services are provided to the customer via BMW ConnectedDrive and made available to use in the navigation system.
General Motors is accelerating the development of electrified vehicles in China, the company’s senior technology leader said today.
“China has made electrification a key strategy. Electrified vehicles will play a critical role in efforts to conserve and ultimately displace petroleum as the major source of transportation energy,” Jon Lauckner, GM Chief Technology Officer, vice president of Global Research & Development, and president of GM Ventures, said a presentation today at the FISITA 2012 World Automotive Congress in Beijing.
In September 2011, GM China opened the Advanced Materials Lab in Shanghai. The facility, which is part of the GM China Advanced Technical Center, is engaged in cutting-edge research on battery technology and lightweight materials.
“We will apply innovative technologies to cell design and fabrication, test and validate advanced cell materials provided by suppliers, and ultimately integrate battery cells into future battery systems for our vehicles,” said Lauckner. “We believe the further development of lithium-ion battery technology is possible through improvements in cell chemistry, cell and pack design, and optimization of thermal management.”
GM’s goal is to improve the energy density of its batteries so that they are smaller, lighter and less costly than today’s batteries. In the long term, the automaker believes there is potential to double the energy density of battery packs in electric vehicles.
“Greater adoption of electrified vehicles requires a greater breadth of offerings; cost reductions in technology for more competitive pricing compared to conventional vehicles; and, of course, more infrastructure for convenient charging,” Lauckner said.
Customers must be able to charge in a convenient and safe manner at their home, workplace or in public. This requires common standards and stakeholder collaboration between the automotive industry, multiple levels of government, regulatory agencies and power providers.
GM’s global strategy is to provide consumers a variety of choices through a range of vehicles with electrified powertrains. Its strategy includes:
Mild hybrid technology such as the eAssist system, which can improve fuel efficiency in anything from small cars to full-size cars and luxury sedans.
Full hybrid technology such as the 2-mode hybrid system on full-size trucks and SUVs.
Extended-range electric vehicles, which offer electric propulsion and contain an on-board engine generator to extend the vehicles’ range.
Pure electric vehicles, which run on full electric propulsion.
GM has brought to the China market many of its latest electrified vehicles, including the Chevrolet Volt extended-range electric vehicle, Buick LaCrosse with eAssist and Cadillac Escalade Hybrid. On November 22 at Auto Guangzhou 2012, Shanghai GM introduced the SAIL SPRINGO pure electric vehicle, which will be built and sold in China.
According to Lauckner, one other important area where GM is applying electrification and connected vehicle technology is on urban mobility solutions. GM has showcased in China its vision for sustainable urban transportation through products such as the EN-V (Electric Networked-Vehicle) concept, which introduced the world to a new automobile DNA based on electrification and connectivity. The concept was a focal point of the SAIC-GM Pavilion at Expo 2010 in Shanghai.
Earlier this year, GM signed a memorandum of understanding with the Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City Investment and Development Co. Ltd. and the Tianjin Eco-City Administrative Committee to collaborate on assessing the real-world application of GM’s EN-V 2.0 concept in the Tianjin Eco-City.
Nissan have presented the Nissan e-NV200 concept as the city's next generation taxi, leading the way for zero emission vehicles in Spain and providing a further boost to local production in Barcelona for the automotive sector.
The future e-NV200, a 100% electric taxi
Following an investment of €100 million, creating more than 700 new jobs, the e-NV200 will be built at Nissan's Zona Franca plant in Barcelona from late 2013 and exported across the world. The 100% electric e-NV200 is part of Nissan's zero emissions sustainable mobility plan and the company is today a leader and pioneer in the introduction of zero emissions mobility. Nissan has long led this sector, having produced the Nissan LEAF - the first 100% electric, zero-emission car designed for the mass market - which is now the world's best-selling electric vehicle with more than 43,000 units on the road.
Barcelona electric vehicle capital
Nissan's leadership in electric vehicles reinforces Barcelona City Council's strategy to promote sustainable mobility in the city and the metropolitan area and to make electric vehicles a major driver of economic development and competitiveness. It also reinforces the strong automobile industrial tradition in the Barcelona area of driving technological innovation and the development of mobility. The city is also making a significant commitment to deploy charging infrastructure, with over 250 public points distributed around the city, to ensure that the area is ready when citizens move towards sustainable zero emissions mobility. This market will be enhanced with the celebration in 2013 of the Electric Vehicle Symposium, the world congress industry benchmark.
The 2014 Chevrolet Spark EV, introduced today ahead of the Los Angeles International Auto Show, packs smart performance and connectivity technologies into an affordable five-door urban mini car designed to make the trip as electrifying as the destination. It will be priced under $25,000 with tax incentives.
With the Chevrolet Volt, Chevrolet accounts for more than 50 percent of all plug-in electric vehicle sales in the United States and Spark EV builds on Chevrolet’s proven electric motor and battery development programs. When it goes on sale next summer, the Spark EV is expected to have among the best EV battery range in its segment and be the first electric vehicle to offer SAE Combo DC Fast Charging capability, enabling the Spark EV to reach 80-percent battery charge in just 20 minutes.
“When you engineer a technology-filled, all-electric mini car that goes from zero-to-60 mph in less than eight seconds, customers won’t miss the gas,” said Mark Reuss, president, General Motors North America. “The Volt and now the Spark EV show that Chevrolet not only knows EVs better than anyone else, we also know how to help customers get the most out of their EV experience.”
Inside the Spark EV, critical vehicle functions are clearly and intuitively displayed on one of the vehicle’s two reconfigurable, high-resolution, seven-inch color LCD screens, including a confidence gauge that shows the expected driving range based on driving habits and other conditions.
Spark EV also will keep urban drivers musically connected with Chevrolet’s exclusive MyLink radio that comes standard and safely brings smartphone-based infotainment – including apps for BringGo full-function navigation, TuneIn global internet radio, Pandora and Stitcher – into the vehicle. Apple’s Siri will ride shotgun, for customers with compatible (4S and newer) iPhones.
In addition to previously announced markets including California and South Korea, Spark EV will also go on sale in participating dealerships throughout Oregon, Canada and other global markets. Spark EV will be eligible for coveted high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes in California.
The soul of Spark EV
Spark EV is powered by an advanced electric motor and battery system. It consists of a GM-designed, coaxial drive unit and electric motor that together deliver 130 hp (110 kW) and 400 lb.-ft. (542 Nm) of torque for instant acceleration; and a more than 20-kWh lithium ion battery is expected to provide among the best EV range performance in its segment.
The drive unit and motor will be assembled of U.S. and globally sourced parts at GM’s White Marsh, Md., manufacturing facility, and the first time a U.S. automaker has built both a complete electric motor and drive unit for a modern electric vehicle in the United States.
Spark EV’s long-life battery is designed to be safe, durable and reliable, and is warranted for eight years or 100,000 miles. It consists of a 560-pound (254 kg) square lithium-ion battery pack with a volume of 133 liters, comprising 336 prismatic cells.
“The Spark EV battery has undergone more than 200,000 hours of testing in our global battery systems labs,” said Pamela Fletcher, Chevrolet executive chief engineer of electrified vehicles. “It is extremely durable and has undergone the same abuse tolerance testing as the Volt battery.”
Leading the charge
Spark EV is the first all-electric vehicle in North America to offer optional SAE Combo DC Fast Charge capability, which can charge the battery to 80 percent of capacity in about 20 minutes. A common on-board charging receptacle accommodates all three charging platforms – DC Fast Charge, AC 240V and AC 120V.
Using a dedicated 240V outlet, Spark EV recharges in less than seven hours. Owners can coordinate charging according to departure time or during off-peak electricity rates. They also can manage and monitor the vehicle remotely via computer at OnStar.com, or with a special Chevrolet Mobile App powered by OnStar Remote Link. The Spark EV comes with three years of standard OnStar service.
Energy-saving exterior; tech-filled interior
In developing the Spark EV, Chevrolet set out to help customers conserve as much total energy as possible to maximize battery range. One important way to achieve that is by improving the vehicle’s aerodynamics. By evaluating every detail of the gasoline-powered Spark, designers and aerodynamic engineers added the equivalent of about 2.5 miles of real-world range.
Spark EV colors include Electric Blue, Black Granite, Summit White, Silver Ice and Titanium. Inside, designers sought to create a comfortable and spacious cockpit with noise-reduction features and a combination of bright accents in Electric Blue and chrome.
Visteon's vehicle concept, e-Bee demonstrates a unique user experience for the driver in 2020.
The e-Bee's driver interface consists of a set of three displays: a main display for journey information and two smaller screens with touch-sensing capability located within easy fingertip distance on either side of the steering wheel.
The e-Bee offers complete and immediate personalization that is designed to address the needs of each individual user on three levels: by region, by individual owner and by individual user.
Central Japan Railway announced that it is to build 14 pre-production maglev vehicles as prototypes for the 500 km/h trainsets that it expects to put into commercial operation on the Chuo Shinkansen route between Tokyo and Osaka from 2027 onwards. The first five-car trainset will be ready to start trial operation on the Yamanashi test track at the end of 2013.
Designated as L0 (for linear, zero-emission), the trains are being developed from the MLX01 superconducting maglev vehicles now on test at Yamanashi, but will incorporate elements from the Series N700 trainsets used on the Tokaido Shinkansen. They will be decked out in JR Central’s blue and white livery, with a modified design to emphasise speed.
With a squarer cross-section to the bodyshell, the L0 vehicles will have a 2+2 seating arrangement and overhead luggage racks in the passenger saloons. There will be 68 seats in the intermediate cars and 24 in the end vehicles, which will feature a 15 m long nose. The whole trainset will have a greater degree of external smoothing to minimise aerodynamic drag.
Work is currently underway to extend the Yamanashi test track from 18·4 km to 42·8 km, in order to allow a longer length of sustained operation at speeds of 500 km/h and above; construction is due to be completed by the end of the 2013 financial year. The route is eventually intended to form part of the Chuo Shinkansen alignment.
The pre-production L0 fleet will comprise four end cars and 10 intermediate vehicles, from which various formations can be assembled. The initial trainset is expected to begin trials as a 2+3 set, but once the additional cars have been delivered in 2015, JR Central plans to carry out tests with a 12-car formation to replicate a commercial trainset. Alternatively, the stock will be formed up as two 2+5 sets for tests involving trains passing at high speed.
Holden car dealers in New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia are among the first in Australia to take delivery of the all new Volt long range electric car this week.
Nine specialist dealers in NSW, nine in QLD and seven in WA will add a Volt to their demonstration fleets and can begin delivering cars to their first customers in coming days.
Holden Executive Director – Sales and Marketing, Philip Brook said there had been strong interest in Volt since dealers were announced in June and television advertising had begun.
“Volt really seems to have captured people’s imagination thanks to its range extension technology. As the first car of its kind to go on sale in Australia, drivers want to understand how the technology works and what it feels like to drive and live with an electric car.
“Now that the dealers have a permanent demo on hand, customers will be able to experience the unique technology of Volt for themselves.”
As part of the commitment to become a specialist dealer, each Holden Volt dealer has invested in training and equipment and has committed to achieving environmental accreditation. They have also installed a dedicated Volt charging station in both the sales and service areas.
Nissan Motor Co. showed off the first electric vehicle under its China-only Venucia brand at the Guangzhou auto show Friday.
Dongfeng Nissan Passenger Vehicle Co., a Chinese joint venture of the Japanese automaker, plans to start mass production of the e30 electric car by 2015.
Nissan is currently conducting a feasibility study on electric vehicles in Wuhan, Hubei Province, using its Leaf. It plans to expand the study to include 15 other Chinese cities next year, including Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, and Dalian, Liaoning Province.
The Venucia is targeted at first-time car owners in small regional cities. Two models--the D50 compact sedan and the R50 sports hatchback--are already available under the brand.
At the Guangzhou Auto Show today, GM-SAIC has officially unveiled the Sail Springo EV. The Sail Springo EV is the the first joint venture in China to develop a production electric vehicle.
Power comes from an electric motor that develops 116 hp and 220 Nm of torque, along with 22 kwh lithium-ion battery pack. This allows the car to accelerate from 0-100 km/h in 10.4 seconds and hit a top speed of 130 km/h. The range is 130 km and charging from a 220V outlet takes seven hours. In addition, it has a sport button that makes acceleration 20% faster.
On the interior, the cabin has white panels, seat fabric complements the dashboard, a touchscreen display and a digital instrument cluster.
The Springo EV has a starting price of 258,000 yuan ($41,400), but buyers can get a 54,000 yuan subsidy from the central government.
Toyota has developed a positive electrode material that can significantly boost the capacity of sodium-ion batteries, and says the new material could lead to the development of batteries that can power electric vehicles for 500 km to 1,000 km on a single charge.
The automaker has created a prototype battery utilising the new material, The Nikkei reports. Shaped the size of a coin, the battery functions at room temperature, and is able to generate an electric voltage value – which is used to calculate the maximum mileage of electric vehicles – that’s 30% higher than that of lithium-ion batteries.
The new sodium-based chemical compound acts as the positive electrode in a sodium-ion battery. Unlike the rare metal lithium, sodium is abundant in seawater, making sodium-ion batteries potentially cheaper to make than lithium-ion. Development has been curbed due to their limited storage capacity, but recent technological breakthroughs may change all this.
Toyota believes that EVs will not become popular until automakers can ensure a driving range of 500 km to 1,000 km. Hybrid vehicles currently have a range of up to 1,000 km, while EVs can travel about 200 km on currently available batteries. The company is set to continue research, with the goal of putting its new sodium technology into commercial use by 2020.
The National Insurance Crime Bureau (NICB) today released a comprehensive report that examines the theft history of the Toyota Prius. From its introduction to the U.S. auto market in 2000 through June 30, 2012, the report covers all Prius thefts reported to the National Crime Information Center (NCIC) beginning with the very first Prius theft on September 4, 2000.
The Toyota Prius is the top selling hybrid electric vehicle in the U.S. With over 1.2 million sold in the U.S. as of April 2012, it makes up half of all the hybrids on the road. Yet, despite its growing popularity, an analysis of Prius theft data from NCIC shows that they have both an exceptionally low theft rate and a markedly high recovery rate.
A comparison of theft rates by model years showed that the 2008-2010 Toyota Prii[1] had a much lower theft rate (one in 606 vehicles reported stolen) than the average for all 2008-2010 models (one in 78 vehicles reported stolen).
There have been 2,439 Toyota Prii reported stolen in the U.S. between Sept. 4, 2000 and June 30, 2012. There has been a general increase each year in the number of Prius thefts with the exception of 2009, which had a drop from the year before. It also appears that 2012 is also on track to have fewer Prius thefts than occurred in 2011.
The top five states for Prius thefts in descending order were California (1,062), Florida (127), New York (111), Washington (92), and Texas (89).
Dow Energy Materials, a business unit of The Dow Chemical Company, has developed a new phosphate-based battery material, Lithium Manganese Iron Phosphate (LMFP), which increases energy density by 10 to 15 percent in battery cells. As a result, this technology can enable energy storage systems to weigh less and require fewer cells, which in turn can lower cost.
"Energy density is the biggest single factor affecting electric vehicle (EV) battery performance," said David Klanecky, senior business director, Dow Energy Materials. "With the introduction of our new LMFP material, Dow is delivering solutions that meet the needs of our customers with next-generation technology."
The components that go into an advanced lithium-ion battery represent 30 percent of the total cell cost, leading the industry to pursue more efficient, cost-effective material solutions that can increase performance and lower the overall price of battery systems.
By increasing the amount of energy stored in the component materials, battery manufacturers can look to reduce the amount of space and volume needed for batteries, and increase the performance of systems. Using the new Dow technology, EVs could increase their range while utilities can achieve higher storage capacity.
Proterra has closed a $23 million Series B financing round amid rising demand for its transit solutions. Proterra has tripled orders under contract for the company's flagship EcoRide™ from public transit agencies in the past twelve months alone and is planning for its current growth path to continue.
The round was led by new investor, Hennessey Capital, who joined additional outside investor NMT Capital as well as existing investors, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, GM Ventures, Mitsui & Co. Global Investment, Inc., 88 Green Ventures and Vision Ridge Partners. In conjunction with the investment closing, Rajiv Ghatalia, President and Founder of Hennessey Capital Management LLC, will join Proterra's Board as an advisor.
Before joining Proterra's board and founding Hennessey Capital, Ghatalia spent sixteen years in Asia Pacific, first at Goldman Sachs then at Warburg Pincus, and has served on boards such as Transpacific Industries, Nikko Asset Management and Junior Achievement.
"Our investment in Proterra demonstrates our firm belief and that of our fellow investors that the company's EcoRide™ has solved a major concern for the world's aging transit fleets – that is, how to deliver emissions free, quiet bus transit that provides an attractive financial return for struggling transit agencies," said Mr. Ghatalia. "Proterra's innovative products, industry leading customers, top flight management and talented work force have this company poised for tremendous future success, and I look forward to being a part of the team charged with taking this thriving company to the next level."
"This latest round of investment and the addition of Mr. Ghatalia to our board are evidence of the vast progress Proterra has made in terms of business development, infrastructure, technological advancement, demand generation and process improvements, and to our investors' confidence in our business," stated David Bennett, Proterra's CEO. "We intend to use the funds and to leverage Mr. Ghatalia's global finance expertise and keen business acumen to continue our growth."
This investment round will accelerate Proterra's revolutionary EcoRide™ bus deployment to new US transit customers, open new markets and spur next generation system offerings. The $60 billion global transit market continues to recognize the ideal fit for battery-electric fast-charge systems, which yield 500%+ energy efficiency gains and 80% emission reduction and provide an attractive passenger experience.
Proterra has achieved a number of milestones in the past 18 months, growing from two to seven major transit agency customers with a large and growing pipeline. Earlier this year, Proterra's EcoRide™ became the first heavy-duty electric transit bus ever to complete challenging federally required durability and reliability testing at the Bus Research and Testing Center in Altoona, Pennsylvania, demonstrating best in class energy efficiency and noise levels.
Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. today announced the release in Japan of the updated Nissan LEAF, which has received a number of enhancements. The all-electric LEAF is in its second iteration and is now available at Nissan dealers nationwide.
The Nissan LEAF is the number one selling EV in the world. Since its debut in December 2010, more than 43,000 drivers around the world have chosen the LEAF. By purchasing one, owners are making a personal contribution to help create a sustainable zero-emission society; the LEAF emits zero CO2 or exhaust during operation.
The new LEAF continues to offer excellent performance and driving feel, with smooth, strong acceleration and quiet delivery across a speed range that's comparable to that of luxury models, as well as great handling stability realized by well-balanced weight distribution.
The affordable S grade has been added for the new model year and joins the ongoing G and X grades. There is no performance sacrifice with the new S grade.
Among several new enhancements for the new LEAF are:
Available genuine leather seats
BOSE® Energy Efficient Series sound system
Around View Monitor which assists parking at roadsides
Driving range of 228km at a full charge (JC08 mode)
Enhanced regenerative braking performance
A power-saving heating system.
At present, there are approximately 400 sales outlets in Japan that are equipped with quick chargers. In order to offer even better convenience and accessibility for LEAF owners, Nissan plans to expand the availability of quick chargers to 700 sales outlets in Japan. When the expansion is completed, one-third of dealers will be able to offer quick charging service.
The major changes in specifications and equipment of the new Nissan LEAF are:
Exterior
Sporty and stylish 17-inch aluminum wheels (standard on G)
16-inch aluminum wheels used in the current model are available as a factory-installed option (on X)
16-inch full-wheel covers (standard on S and X)
LED headlights with auto-leveling using blue reflection LED lights (standard on G, factory-installed option on S and X)
Front fog lights (standard on G, dealer-installed option on S and X)
Seven available body colors, including three new colors: Dark Metal Gray, Brilliant White Pearl and White.
Interior
Chic, elegant black interior
Genuine leather seats available on G and X as a factory-installed option (Airy Gray color for previous model is available on G and X)
Pop-up and down adjustable rear center seat headrest
Increased luggage space from 330L to 370L, realized by moving a downsized onboard charger from the back of the car to the front
Remaining battery capacity shown by percentage in the Multifunction Display
Foot-operated parking brake.
Basic EV structure
High voltage unit, including an electric motor, inverter and DC/DC converter, was integrated, resulting in a 30 percent volume reduction and a 10 percent mass reduction
More responsive and exhilarating acceleration feel delivered by a newly designed motor
Weight reduced by about 80kg compared to previous model. Achieved by combined powertrain unit, integrated functions, streamlined battery module and case structure, and use of lighter parts
B range that generates deceleration without feeling a change in noise and gravity even on a downward slope (standard on G and X)
Enhanced driving performance achieved by improved steering response in the medium-speed range and optimized suspension characteristics associated with weight reduction.
Improved power consumption
Reduced power consumption with a heat-pump cabin heater, heated seat for all seats, heated steering wheel and heat shield ceiling
Changes to the regenerative brake control system enable more efficient power generation when the brakes are operated.
Charging
Long-life mode (where the battery is charged to 80% to extend the battery life), now available in any charging mode
Improved convenience of the charging port, including a locking mechanism for the normal charging connector, LED light for charging at night and electromagnetic opener for the charging port lid.
EV IT
Addition of "Stop-off charging spot guidance" function, "Power-saving route guidance" function and "Battery capacity at a destination forecast" function which can allay potential range anxiety
New ways to search for and locate charging spots easily and quickly. Adoption of "Charging spot availability information provision" function, "Quick charger location display" function and "Unavailable charging spot display" function.
Additional enhancements
Lighter-weight, highly efficient BOSE® seven-speaker system: Energy Efficient System (factory-installed option on G and X)
Around View Monitor shows an image of the vehicle's surroundings that is not easily visible (factory-installed option on G and X)
Highly concentrated Plasma Cluster Ion generator which eliminates odors and kills germs (standard on G)
Hill Start Assist which enables a driver to start the LEAF on a slope without worrying about rolling backward
Nissan LEAF has been developed in line with Nissan's commitment to using recycled materials where possible to minimize environmental impacts. In addition, the amount of the rare earth element dysprosium used in the newly designed motor of the updated Nissan LEAF has been reduced by about 40 percent compared to the previous model—without sacrificing performance.
Pricing, Tax Incentives and Subsidies in Japan
Drive system
Motor
Grades
Price (JPY)
2WD
EM57
G
4,133,850
*Photo
X
3,757,950
S
3,349,500
All Nissan LEAF grades qualify for the Japanese government's eco-car subsidies and are exempt from the automobile weight tax and automobile acquisition tax. In addition, LEAF customers can receive up to 780,000 yen in incentive grants in accordance with the Japanese government's incentive scheme for fiscal year 2012 to promote the purchase of clean energy vehicles.
Notes:
Customers can apply for these subsidies at the Next Generation Vehicle Promotion Center. Additional subsidies may be available through local governments. To qualify for these subsidies, owners must retain the vehicle for six years.
Nissan LEAF also qualifies for preferential tax incentives available for environmentally friendly vehicles. As such, the LEAF is fully exempt from the automobile acquisition tax on vehicles registered by March 31, 2015, and the automobile weight tax on vehicles registered by April 30, 2015.
Additionally, the automobile tax on vehicles registered by March 31, 2014 is reduced by 50 percent for one year starting from the next fiscal year following the registrations.
BOSE is a registered trademark of the Bose Corporation.
Plasma Cluster is a registered trademark of the Sharp Corporation.
The Daimler-Bosch joint venture increased their original target of building 1 million motors by 2020, to 2 million units.
Last year Daimler and Bosch made an agreement to develop and manufacture electric motors for battery-powered cars beginning this year. The two companies said that the first to use the engines will be Daimler’s Smart and Mercedes-Benz brands, and the next level will include Bosch selling the engines to other automakers.
This joint venture between the premium automaker and the largest automotive supplier in the world, marks a strategic shift in the auto sector of utmost importance, as motor manufacturing was considered automakers’ core expertise. Usually western automakers purchase components from suppliers and then design and assemble the engines themselves.
Analysts believe that building motors for battery-powered cars has spurred a string of alliances between automakers and companies from other areas, including rental firms and battery makers. Alliances are not unusual for Daimler which already has a partnership with German industrial conglomerate Evonik to manufacture lithium-ion batteries, and another one with French mass carmaker Renault to build electric cars. Daimler also owns a stake in electric sports car maker Tesla and a JV with Chinese automaker BYD on an electric car brand in that country.
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